ABSTRACT
Computed tomography (CT) scans, which are increasingly used in the diagnosis of serious illness and injury in the emergency department, are not without an element of risk. CT scans expose patients to radiation, which is a known carcinogen. Although the risk of missing a life-threatening head injury or appendicitis far outweighs the relatively small long-term risk of cancer, there is reason for concern. Furthermore, pediatric patients, small adults, and trauma patients are at greater risk of developing cancer. In addition, the cumulative risk of cancer to the population will grow with the increased use of CT scans. It is essential that advanced practice nurses (APNs) have a basic understanding and working knowledge of radiation concepts and guidelines that apply to clinical practice to avoid unnecessary CT scans in the examination of patients. The purpose of this article is to define important radiation terms, compare dose effects, and provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice that support judicious ordering of CT scans, thus, providing APNs with the ability to reduce radiation exposure and associated cancer risk.