Methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is a highly effective treatment option for individuals struggling with opioid addiction. However, it is not a one-size-fits-all approach, and women may face unique challenges when accessing this therapy.1,2 In this article, we discuss the challenges that women encounter and explore strategies for empowering women undergoing MMT.

UNIQUE CHALLENGES WOMEN FACE IN METHADONE MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Stigma

Women who use drugs are often subjected to harsh judgment and negative stereotypes that can discourage them from seeking help. The stigma surrounding addiction can be particularly harsh for women as they may fear being labeled as a "bad mother" or feel ashamed of their addiction, which can prevent them from accessing treatment services.2,3

Childcare responsibilities

Women responsible for child care find it difficult to attend appointments, adhere to medication schedules, and prioritize their own recovery. Lack of access to affordable childcare can further exacerbate this challenge.4,5

Reproductive health

Methadone may affect fertility and sexual function and disrupt menstrual cycle regularity. In addition, women may experience challenges related to pregnancy and family planning while in treatment. Neonatal abstinence syndrome, a condition that occurs when newborns are at risk of withdrawal symptoms due to exposure to opioids, is another concern for women in MMT who become pregnant.6,7

Gender-based violence

Women who use drugs are at a higher risk of experiencing intimate partner violence and other forms of gender-based violence (GBV). GBV can also prevent women from seeking help for their addiction, as they may fear retribution from their partner or shame and stigma from their community.8

STRATEGIES FOR EMPOWERING WOMEN UNDERGOING METHADONE MAINTENANCE THERAPY

Holistic care

Health professionals must provide comprehensive care that considers all aspects of women's health and well-being. This includes reproductive and sexual health, mental health, and social support. Addressing the underlying social determinants of health that contribute to addiction and poor outcomes, such as poverty and lack of access to health care, is essential to improving treatment outcomes for women in MMT.9,10

Flexible treatment options

Creating more flexible treatment options that accommodate the needs of women with young children is critical. This can include providing on-site childcare, offering telemedicine options, and providing transportation assistance to appointments. These measures can help reduce the barriers that women face in accessing treatment services and improve their overall treatment outcomes11,12

Addressing stigma

Health professionals can help address the stigma surrounding addiction by educating the public about the nature of addiction and the effectiveness of MMT. Encouraging women to share their stories and experiences can also help reduce stigma and promote understanding and empathy.13

Gender-based violence

Health professionals must be trained to recognize and respond to GBV. They should work closely with community organizations and other service providers to ensure that women who experience GBV have access to the support and resources they need to recover.14,15

CONCLUSION

Empowering women in MMT requires a patient-centered approach that considers their unique needs and challenges. By addressing the specific barriers that women face in addiction treatment, we can create a more inclusive and effective system of care for all individuals struggling with addiction. Health professionals must provide holistic care that considers all aspects of women's health and well-being, including reproductive and sexual health, mental health, and social support. Creating more flexible treatment options that accommodate the needs of women with young children and addressing the underlying social determinants of health that contribute to addiction and poor outcomes are essential. By addressing these challenges through a comprehensive, patient-centered approach, we can empower women in MMT and support their recovery.

-Nader Aghakhani, PhD

-Maryam Mesgarzadeh, MSc

-Samereh Eghtedar, PhD

School of Nursing and Midwifery

Urmia University of Medical Sciences

Urmia, Iran

REFERENCES