TEST INSTRUCTIONS
* Read the article. The test for this nursing continuing professional development (NCPD) activity is to be taken online at http://www.NursingCenter.com/ce/ANC. Tests can no longer be mailed or faxed.
* You'll need to create an account (it's free!) and log in to access My Planner before taking online tests. Your planner will keep track of all your Lippincott Professional Development online NCPD activities for you.
* There's only one correct answer for each question. A passing score for this test is 7 correct answers. If you pass, you can print your certificate of earned contact hours and access the answer key. If you fail, you have the option of taking the test again at no additional cost.
* For questions, contact Lippincott Professional Development: 1-800-787-8985.
* Registration deadline is December 5, 2025.
PROVIDER ACCREDITATION
Lippincott Professional Development will award 2.5 contact hours and 0 pharmacology contact hours for this nursing continuing professional development activity.
Lippincott Professional Development is accredited as a provider of nursing continuing professional development by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation.
This activity is also provider approved by the California Board of Registered Nursing, Provider Number CEP 11749 for 2.5 contact hours. Lippincott Professional Development is also an approved provider of continuing nursing education by the District of Columbia, Georgia, West Virginia, New Mexico, South Carolina, and Florida, CE Broker #50-1223. Your certificate is valid in all states.
This article has been approved by the National Association for Neonatal Nurses Certification Board for Category B Credit toward Recertification as an NNP.
Payment: The registration fee for this test is $15.95 for NANN members and $24.95 for nonmembers.
CE Test Questions
LEARNING OUTCOME: Seventy-five percent of participants will demonstrate knowledge of recent research on probiotic use for reducing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) by achieving a minimum score of 70% on the outcomes-based posttest.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After completing this continuing professional development activity, the participant will apply knowledge gained to:
1. Select the results of the authors' and others' reviews of applicable studies addressing the use of probiotics for reducing the incidence of NEC.
2. Choose the results of individual studies that explored the use of probiotics for reducing the incidence of NEC.
3. Compare the bacterial compositions of neonates delivered vaginally with those delivered via cesarean delivery.
1. A meta-analysis by Sharif et al. (2020) found that probiotics may reduce the risk of NEC; however, the
a. evidence was downgraded to low certainty.
b. subjects were at 36 to 37 weeks of gestation.
c. trials only included one or two probiotic products.
2. A review ofLactobacillusby Liu et al. (2020) found significant positive results in preventing NEC in preterm infants; however
a. many sample sizes were small.
b. there was evidence of publication bias.
c. dosages and duration of treatment were inconsistent.
3. A review of preterm infants by Sawh et al. (2016) reported a significant reduction in NEC when preterm infants receiving probiotics were compared with a placebo group; however, there was
a. uncertainty around randomization.
b. allocation concealment and attribution.
c. inconsistency in dosages and preparations.
4. Wu et al. (2019) administeredBifidobacteriumtriple live capsules to neonates with initial Apgar scores of less than 7 points and found that which of the following was significantly lower in the probiotic group than in the control group?
a. secretory IgA
b. stress response levels
c. numbers of Firmicutes
5. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails by Milajerdi et al. (2020) demonstrated that, compared with the placebo group, the levels of which of the following were lower in the probiotic group?
a. IL-6
b. IL-10
c. IL-13
6. Unlike infants delivered via cesarean delivery, vaginally delivered infants have bacterial compositions that include
a. Corynebacterium.
b. Staphylococcus.
c. Bacteroides.
7. After giving probiotics to 428 infants for 6 months following cesarean delivery, Korpela et al. (2018) reported that, compared with the control cesarean-delivery group, those that receivedB breveBb99,Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp shermaniiJS,Lactobacillus rhamnosusLC705, andLactobacillus rhamnosusGG added togalacto-oligosaccharidesdid not demonstrate increases in
a. Propionibacterium.
b. Clostridiaceae.
c. Prevotella.
8. Kanic et al. (2015) reported that, after preterm infants received a probiotic supplement ofLactobacillus acidophilus subsp gasseri, Bifidobacterium infantis,andEnterococcus faecium,subsequent monitoring indicated less evidence of which of the following in the probiotic cohort as compared with the control group?
a. sepsis
b. feeding intolerance
c. B breve colonization
9. A retrospective cohort study by Hunter et al. (2012) of 311 neonates weighing less than 1000 g demonstrated that prophylaxis withLactobacillus reuteriDSM 17938 prevented one case of NEC for every
a. 5 neonates treated.
b. 8 neonates treated.
c. 11 neonates treated.
10. Jacobs et al. (2013) reported that a probiotic combinationB infantis, S thermophilus, and Bifidobacterium lactisadministered to infants less than 32 weeks and less than 1500 g reduced
a. mortality.
b. late-onset sepsis.
c. NEC Bell stage II or more.