INSTRUCTIONS Pain catastrophizing: A patient-centered approach
TEST INSTRUCTIONS
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Pain catastrophizing: A patient-centered approach
LEARNING OUTCOME: Participants will demonstrate competency in clinical reasoning regarding the assessment and management of pain catastrophizing by achieving a minimum score of 70% on the outcomes-based posttest.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After completing this continuing professional development activity, the participant will be able to apply knowledge gained to a case scenario to: 1. Identify characteristics of pain catastrophizing. 2. List assessment tools for a patient who is experiencing pain catastrophizing. 3. Explain patient-centered care for a patient who is experiencing pain catastrophizing.
1. Which statement is consistent with pain catastrophizing?
a. It is a choice.
b. It only impacts patients with chronic pain.
c. It includes feelings of helplessness.
2. According to Christensen et al. (2020), which of the following is a consequence of pain catastrophizing?
a. The intensity of the pain is enhanced.
b. The patient becomes relentless in seeking effective treatment.
c. The entire pain experience becomes more bearable.
3. In the 2020 study by Zhaoyang et al., older adults who reported greater catastrophic thinking in the morning also reported
a. feeling better about their pain as the day progressed.
b. experiencing less effectiveness from pain medication.
c. being inactive for most of the day.
4. Research by Kim et al. (2019) revealed that, compared with non-Hispanic White Americans, pain catastrophizing scores were higher in
a. Ashkenazi Jews.
b. Black Americans.
c. Native Americans.
5. One of the domains on the Coping Strategies Questionnaire is
a. ignoring pain sensations.
b. negative reinforcement.
c. pain adaptations.Case-based assessment: Use the scenario below to apply the knowledge and skills you learned in the attached article.MT is a 60-year-old Hispanic American woman with a history of chronic low back pain. She presents in the ED with complaints of back pain, which she rated 10/0-10 on a numeric pain intensity rating scale. She states that she has had no recent injury and that she avoids most activities so as not to injure herself.
6. Which pain catastrophizing scale can you use to assess MT's emotional, behavioral, and cognitive coping responses to pain?
a. Avoidance Endurance Questionnaire
b. Pain Cognition List
c. Pain-related Self Statements
7. Which statement might indicate that MT is catastrophizing her pain?
a. "I have experienced back pain for 5 years."
b. "I can't think about anything but the pain."
c. "I don't usually get good care in this ED."
8. Which of MT's behaviors in the ED may be associated with pain catastrophizing?
a. sleeping frequently during her ED visit
b. watching the clock for the next analgesic dose
c. asking for suggestions on how she can manage her pain
9. You hear two staff members discussing MT and referring to her as a "drug seeker" and a "frequent flier." You recognize that this kind of bias and judgmental language could put patients like MT at risk for
a. a longer stay in the ED.
b. more frequent hospital visits.
c. lower-quality care.
10. Based on the report by Block et al. (2017), which technique could you teach MT that may improve her treatment outcomes?
a. yoga
b. Reiki self-treatment
c. breathing exercises