Constipation and encopresis is a very common problem seen in the gastroenterology pediatric population. This talk will include basic anatomy and physiology of these problems and common causes, including the emotional issues associated with all age levels. A review of the literature will address current and common practices. Treatments consisting of medication, diet, activity, exercise, and positive reinforcement will all be discussed including teaching tools.

In addition, the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition medical position statement on constipation in infants and children will be addressed. Current diagnostic testing including anorectal manometry, suction rectal biopsy, full thickness biopsy, and barium enema will be reviewed. Anorectal manometry will be discussed in detail, reviewing the actual procedure, and explaining the five different pressures measured: the external sphincter pressure, rectoanal inhibitory reflex, conscious rectal sensation threshold, maximum squeeze pressure, and defecation dynamics, and how to interpret these results. A discussion on biofeedback with anal rectal manometry and Botox injections will also be included.

Section Description

We are pleased to present the Abstracts from the SGNA's 32nd Annual Course: Passion for GI Nursing: Pass It On!! The diversity of these topics certainly reflects the richness and breadth of our specialty. In keeping with the tradition of the Annual Course, we hope the following abstracts will encourage discussions for improving nursing practice and patient care outcomes.