Problem and Significance
Air embolism is usually a minor complication of intravenous (IV) therapy in individuals with normal cardiac anatomy. If small air bubbles are infused, they are harmlessly eliminated through the lung. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) exists in an estimated 25% of the population. As adults with PFO age, changes in the cardiac structures and hemodynamic pressure gradients may allow stray air from IV infusions to migrate to the left atrium through a naturally enlarging septal channel. Once in the left atrium, misplaced air is then introduced into the systemic circulation, putting the patient at risk for ischemic developments as a result of air embolization.
Objective
CNSs for the oncology and cardiac surgical nursing services of an academic medical center collaborated to provide evidence-based guidance for staff nurses implementing IV therapies to patients with known PFO.
Description
A comprehensive review of medical and nursing literature was conducted to identify evidence for describing best practice with respect to inline IV air filtration in patients with known PFO.
Outcomes
No recommendations were found for the use of air-eliminating filters (AEFs) in adults with septal anomalies, but useful information on PFO, air embolism, and safe use of AEFs was uncovered.
Conclusions
Despite finding no recommendations for the use of AEFs, their use remains a justifiable intervention to infuse IV fluids safely to patients with known PFO. Strict adherence to proper technique when using AEFs is essential.
Practice Implications
CNS practice includes helping to establish best practices and creating a safe practice environment for patients and staff. Creating standards, grounded in evidence, around the delivery of IV therapies can enhance safety and improve patient outcomes.
Section Description
This year's annual NACNS conference is planned for Orlando, Fla, March 9-12, 2005. Over 300 clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) are expected to attend, and as with past conferences, attendees will also include graduate faculty from CNS programs, nurse administrators, and nurse researchers. The theme of the conference, CNS Leadership: Navigating the Healthcare Environment Toward Excellence, was selected to showcase the many ways CNSs acquire and disseminate knowledge and innovative practices in their specialty areas. Two preconference sessions are scheduled. One session, sponsored by NACNS Legislative/Regulatory Committee, targets information for CNSs interested in understanding the legislative/regulatory process as it deals with the practice of nursing, and will also help build skills CNSs need to engage in the process. The second session, sponsored by NACNS Education Committee, focuses on CNS education issues, and as with the education preconferences of past years, anticipates informative dialogue and much sharing among CNS educators around curriculum design, teaching strategies, and indicators of quality in the curriculum that link to the NACNS education standards to program review and excellence. The conference planning committee is proud and pleased to have Jeanette Ives Erickson, MS, RN, CNA, Senior Vice President for Patient Care Services and Chief Nurse Executive of Massachusetts General Hospital as the opening keynote speaker. She will begin the conference by highlighting the importance of CNS practice on patient safety. The planning committee is equally proud and pleased to have NACNS past-president Rhonda Scott, PhD, RN, Chief Nursing Officer of Grady Health System as the closing speaker. Dr Scott will challenge attendees to use the information from the conference to shape quality care delivered in a safe environment and to advance the profession of nursing through direct care to clients, influencing standards of care delivered by other nurses, and influencing the healthcare delivery system to be to support innovative, cost-effective, quality nursing care. A total of 64 abstracts for podium and poster presentations were selected in addition to graduate student posters. The abstracts address the 3 spheres of CNS practice with a strong emphasis on clinical practice improvements. As you will note from the abstracts published in this issue of the journal, specialty practice areas represented in the abstracts include children, adults, and gerontological patient groups; hospital, outpatient, and home care settings, and community health. In addition, a wide variety of specialty topics including smoking cessation programs, end-of-life care issues, and protocols outlining nursing approaches to improved diabetes, cardiovascular and ventilator management. A number of the abstracts described hospital and healthcare system level innovations that resulted from CNS practice. Collectively, these abstracts reflect the breadth, depth, and richness of CNS contributions to the well-being of individuals, families, groups, and communities. The following abstracts are from those presenters who elected to have their work published in the journal so those who are unable to attend this year's conference can share in the knowledge of the conference. As you read each abstract, consider the talent and clinical scholarship of your CNS colleagues who are advancing the practice of nursing and contributing to improved outcomes for patients and healthcare organizations. You may want to contact individual presenters to network, collaborate, consult, or share your own ideas about these topics. Watch for next year's call for abstracts and consider submitting an abstract for presentation at NACNS's next conference in Salt Lake City, Utah, March 15-18, 2006.