Abstract
One or 2 decades ago, oncologists focused on only cancer treatments or acute care related to cancer. Since cancer care is considered as long-term cares, cancer patients require self-management (SM) ability or skill to manage their symptoms and daily cares. This mixed-method review is to evaluate quantitative and qualitative studies, which were conducted using non-traditional SM interventions for cancer pain based. This review also explores the process of SM in the chronic care model (CCM). PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, and Wiley were used from 2011 to 2018. A total of 16 quantitative and 2 qualitative studies were included for this review. All interventions are divided into 3 types, which are educational and/or counseling programs, complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapy, and exercise. Ten of the included 16 studies were statistically significant on pain management: 3 CAM studies (100%), 1 exercise study (100%), and 6 of the 12 educational and/or counseling studies (50%). The CAM and exercise were statistically effective in improving cancer pain in the review. However, uncertainty remains regarding the strength of the evidence, due to the small number of studies included and lack of consistent methodologies. The application (5A) of SM support may help cancer patients to manage their pain.