Abstract
Purpose: Links between psychophysiological reactions to stress stimuli and perceived mental distress, including type D personality, anxiety, and depression, are still under debate. The aim of this study was to examine associations between cardiovascular reactivity to social stress and mental distress in patients after acute coronary syndrome.
Methods: Patients (n = 116, 86% males, 52 +/- 8 yr) with coronary artery disease 2 wk after acute coronary syndrome were evaluated for sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and coronary artery disease risk factors. The Trier Social Stress Test was employed to measure cardiovascular reactions to social stress (systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate). Mental distress assessment included type D personality (Type D Scale), anxiety and depressive symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and state and trait anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory).
Results: Multiple linear regression analysis showed associations between type D personality and lower heart rate during Trier Social Stress Test periods of task instruction ([beta] = -.196, P < .04), preparation time ([beta] = -.232, P < .01), and recovery time ([beta] = -.209, P < .029). Higher trait anxiety was linked with lower heart rate during baseline rest ([beta] = -.287, P < .01), task instruction ([beta] = -.286, P < .01), preparation time ([beta] = -.241, P < .01), and recovery period ([beta] = -.209, P < .05). Depressive symptoms were associated with higher systolic blood pressure during baseline rest ([beta] =.187, P < .05), task instruction ([beta] = .306 P < .01), and free speech ([beta] = .264, P < .05).
Conclusions: Mental distress was associated with cardiovascular stress reactions independent from possible covariates, suggesting dysregulated psychophysiological reactions to acute stress.