Themes related to healthy aging include: staying active, ensuring a safe home environment, engaging with others, eating healthy, staying well hydrated, maintaining mental health, and managing medication and treatments (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services [HHS], 2017). Being physically active can help patients improve their strength, have more energy, improve balance, prevent or delay chronic diseases, and reduce depression (HHS, National Institute on Aging [NIA], 2017). Federal guidelines recommend all adults, including older adults, get at least 150 minutes of physical activity a week. Older adults should be encouraged to exercise on a regular basis even if they need a modified exercise plan due to limitations (e.g., chair exercises or breaking exercises into smaller sessions).

An assessment of environmental safety will help direct the plan of care. Examples of home modifications include: bright lighting at entrances to the home as well as bright, nonglare lighting throughout the home; sturdy handrails on both sides of all stairs; stair treads; removal of clutter; repair of torn/worn carpeting; nonslip flooring; antiscald faucets; grab bars in the shower; and adhesive treads in the shower (HHS, 2017). More expensive home modifications may be necessary for certain patients. These include: remodeling the bathroom to include a shower with a seat and no threshold; widening doorways to 36 in.; adapting the home to include a full bedroom and bath on the main floor; installing countertops at different heights and adding space underneath; installing a ramp for zero-step entry; and creating level flooring (HHS).

A healthy diet and socialization during mealtime play important roles in the health of a patient. A healthy diet generally includes fruits and vegetables; whole grains; proteins (especially lean meats, fish, and poultry); and low-fat or nonfat dairy products (HHS, NIA, 2017). Solid fats, sugar, and salt should be minimized. Many older adults need to consume higher amounts of proteins than when they were younger. As protein deficiencies can cause more infections, fragile skin, longer healing times, and weakness, this is an important consideration (American Geriatrics Society [AGS], 2018). For the older adult, about 50% to 60% of daily calories should come from complex carbohydrates such as whole grains and cereals, as well as fruits and vegetables. It is recommended that no more than 10% of daily calories come from saturated fats (AGS). Proper hydration is critical for the older adult's well-being. Aging can cause the body to lose its ability to regulate fluid levels, rendering the patient unable to feel thirsty even if the body needs more fluids. Some signs of dehydration to watch for include low urine output, constipation, low-grade fever, dry gums, and even confusion (AGS).

Patients may also need a social worker to connect them with programs such as meals on wheels or community meals. Older adults need to stay engaged and connected with others via social activities. Visits from family members and friends, or participating in group activities organized by a facility are examples of how to keep patients engaged (HHS, NIA, 2017). Activities to help keep the mind active can decrease the risk of diseases and disorders such as dementia and depression. Some activities to encourage good brain health include learning a new skill, reading books, playing an instrument, singing, and playing games (HHS, NIA).

Home care clinicians are in a unique position to assess patients in their home environment and to intervene with unique and individualized measures to support healthy aging. This unique and holistic approach will help the patient age as healthfully as possible.

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