Abstract
The production of antibodies following blood transfusions is a complex process that involves many recipient and donor factors. Inflammation in the recipient is one important factor. As knowledge of the immune system, of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitric oxide pathways, and of hemostasis grows, more specific therapies will allow precise manipulation of the immune system and safer transfusions. Communication of patients' transfusion and immunotherapy histories with the laboratory, attention to detail in labeling pretransfusion specimens, checking patient and blood product identification before administration, and closely monitoring patients during transfusions remain critical to minimizing risks during transfusion therapy.