Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 18.5%. The patients with metabolic syndrome had significantly higher fasting blood sugar level, triglyceride level, systolic blood pressure, waist circumference, and body mass index but lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than those without metabolic syndrome. A significant difference of carbohydrate intake between groups was observed. These findings indicated that metabolic syndrome could be found in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy, and the management of this problem should be taken into consideration.