Keywords

exercise capacity, oxygen uptake, cardiovascular disease, ventilation

Authors

1. McConnell, Timothy R. PhD
2. Mandak, Jeffrey S. MD
3. Sykes, Jeffrey S. MD
4. Fesniak, Henry MD
5. Dasgupta, Himadri MD

Abstract

PURPOSE: Increased respiratory muscle endurance and peak oxygen consumption (VO_2peak) induced by respiratory muscle training support the relationship between respiratory muscle function and exercise capacity in patients with heart failure. This raises the question whether exercise-training results in increased respiratory muscle function contributing to an increased exercise tolerance, a decreased perception of breathlessness, and an improved quality of life.

METHODS: Prospective cohort analysis was completed on 24 patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III heart failure [18 men, 6 women; aged = 64 (SD 7.9) years; percent ejection fraction (%EF) = 24.0 (SD 7.8)]. Maximal sustainable ventilatory capacity (MSVC), submaximal and peak exercise responses, perception of breathlessness, and quality of life were measured before (baseline) and after (end of study) 12 weeks of exercise training.

RESULTS: As a result of exercise training, VO_2peak (P = .01) and MSVC (P < .001) increased, with MSVC contributing to a larger proportion of the variability for VO_2peak at study completion (r² = 0.57 vs 0.42). Although stroke volume did not increase beyond exercise at 25 W and did not change with exercise training, ventilation decreased during exercise (P < .05), perception of breathing difficulty (P <.05) was reduced, and quality of life was enhanced (P = .008).

CONCUSIONS: Despite no increase in cardiac output and stroke volume, respiratory muscle endurance improved with exercise training, contributing to increased exercise capacity, decreased breathlessness, and decreased perception of breathlessness. Practical implications can include less frequent rest periods and fatigue, greater confidence, maintenance of independence, and enhanced quality of life.