Abstract

Hematuria is one of the most common presenting urologic conditions in outpatient care and is the term used to describe the presence of RBCs or gross/frank visible blood in the urine.1 This article provides a review of the current evidence-based guidelines and a systematic approach to hematuria in the outpatient primary care setting. The American Urological Association (AUA) defines hematuria as the presence of three or more RBCs per high-powered field in a noncontaminated, properly collected sample without evidence of a benign cause.1 Benign causes include pyuria, bacteriuria, contaminants, menstruation, viral illness, vigorous exercise, and bladder or urologic trauma.