Abstract
A well-established primary care sector has allowed England's National Health Service (NHS) to make efficient use of resources through the gatekeeping role that general practitioners have in controlling access to specialist services. Because of the poor economic situation in the United Kingdom, there is now considerable pressure on the NHS to use its resources more efficiently. These financial challenges are putting enormous pressure on general practices at a time when the NHS is also going through other major structural changes. Consequently, general practitioners in England increasingly find themselves having to make difficult decisions about the future of their practices.