Abstract
Delirium is a very common neuropsychiatric disorder seen in the very ill and at the end of life and is distressing to patients, families, and caregivers. Although common, delirium is frequently misdiagnosed and poorly managed. Too often, patients are merely labeled as confused or agitated. This lack of recognition, assessment, and treatment can lead to poor outcomes, including functional decline, new nursing home placement, and even death. Prompt assessment, prevention, and both pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic intervention by nurses and the interdisciplinary team can significantly reduce distress, assure comfort, and maximize safety in all care settings.