Purpose: Fecal incontinence, the recurrent involuntary excretion of feces, is reported to affect from 2 to 24% of the general population with prevalence increasing in both men and women with age, and 47% of institutionalized elderly. The actual prevalence is estimated to be higher due to underreporting, possibly due to embarrassment or unawareness of treatment options (Bols, Berghmans, Hendriks, Bie, Melenhorst, Gemert and Baeten, 2007). Another problem, constipation, may affect a similar percentage of persons in the Western population, with reports as high as 24% in elderly subjects, and more common among women (Chan, Cheng, Hui, Hu, Wong N., Lam K., Wong W., Lai, Lam S., and Wong B., 2005). These health conditions significantly impact the quality of life of individuals affected by increasing levels of emotional distress, anxiety, and depression compared to normal controls (Chan et al. 2005). To treat these conditions, rectal balloon training is used to retrain the external anal sphincter. At the University of Michigan Health System we have implemented the use of balloon catheters as a tool in the treatment of fecal incontinence and constipation. The technique of balloon sensory training is outlined by Dr G. Valancogne in his book, "Reeducation en Colo-Proctologie" (1993). This technique has been used in Europe as one of the rehabilitation techniques for defecation disorders. Balloon therapy provides biofeedback and exercise to enhance sensory perception of the anal reservoir and mechanical duplication of the stool retention and expulsion effort for functional retraining. Description: Description: The device includes a latex anorectal balloon secured to a urinary catheter and syringe. The balloon is inserted into the rectal canal and filled with air or water. Balloon volumes are closely monitored during patient treatment and adjusted to facilitate the desired outcomes. Protocols are implemented based on the etiology of the bowel dysfunction. Summary of Use: Summary of Use: When treating fecal incontinence with an external sphincter muscle deficiency, the balloon sensory training is applied as a strengthening approach. When treating fecal incontinence caused by an abnormal anorectal reflex, the balloon is used for sensory retraining for the purpose of stimulating a response of the external sphincter. When treating fecal incontinence due to hypersensitivity or microrectum the balloon is used to increase rectal compliance. In the rehabilitation of megacolon and megarectum dysfunctions from chronic constipation and straining, the balloon is used for sensory training to regain urge sensation. Balloon sensory training utilizes mechanical practice of defecation in terminal constipation caused by anorectal dyssynergia. Importance to Members: Importance to Members: As physical therapists expand pelvic floor practice to include complex bowel dysfunctions, comprehensive techniques are necessary to maximize optimal outcomes. Balloon biofeedback offers mechanical simulation of pressure sensation that naturally occurs with defecation or maintaining continence in the anal reservoir.