Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to identify if physical therapists (PTs) or physiatrist physicians (MDs) are more accurately able to identify positive tests associated with pelvic pain during physical examination of patients with and without chronic pelvic pain. Null Hypothesis: There will be no difference between PTs and MDs in the physical examination findings of female patients with and without chronic pelvic pain (CPP). Number of Subjects: 48 female patients: 19 with chronic pelvic pain, history of at least 3 months (not solely menstrual pain) 29 with no history of back or pelvic pain. Materials/Methods: One physiatrist and one physical therapist performed 9 musculoskeletal physical exam maneuvers on each study participant. The examiners were blinded as to whether the subject had CPP or no CPP. There was a total of 4 examiners, 2 physiatrists and 2 physical therapists. Analysis compared the agreement between PT and MD exam findings, and the accuracy of correctly identifying women with CPP. Results: While patients with no pain had similar physical exam findings when examined by PTs and MDs, the patients with CPP had a higher number of positive examination findings when examined by the PT as compared with the MD. Using a cut-point of 5 positive findings or more, PTs accurately identify CPP patients 82% of the time. MDs did not achieve this level of accuracy, regardless of the number of positive exam findings. Conclusions: Physical therapists were able to more accurately identify pain patients using physical examination maneuvers than physiatrists. Clinical Relevance: Musculoskeletal factors significantly contribute to female chronic pelvic pain. Physical therapists had a higher accuracy in identifying musculoskeletal factors contributing to female pelvic pain than physiatrists using the same physical examination maneuvers. A musculoskeletal basis of pelvic pain can be identified by physical therapists using physical exam maneuvers to make earlier and more precise diagnosis, and potentially earlier treatment, of pelvic pain.