Authors

  1. McAuley, Adrienne J.

Article Content

Purpose/Hypothesis: Urinary incontinence is a common problem among women. There is a peak incidence of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in the 5th decade although studies report SUI among high school and college aged female athletes as well. Pelvic floor muscle exercises have been shown to be effective in the management of SUI and it has been posited that they also play a role in prevention. However, an estimated 30% or more of women cannot correctly perform a pelvic floor muscle contraction so the benefits of using this method of prevention from the perspective of a public health campaign is questionable. Clinically it is noted that patients report poor voiding habits and faulty health beliefs for years before they develop SUI. The purpose of this investigational study was to examine voiding behaviors and bladder health knowledge in asymptomatic women. The hypothesis was that there would be a positive correlation and that this could segue into the development of an educational model as a method of preventing urinary incontinence. Number of Subjects: 71 women completed the study. Average age 27.2-years-old. Materials/Methods: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Touro College, Manhattan. Eligible subjects first completed a 7-day bladder diary and then a 20-question bladder health questionnaire. Results: Participants in this study had lower than average voids per day and scored poorly on the bladder health knowledge questionnaire. There was, however, no correlation between voiding behaviors and bladder health knowledge. Conclusions: This study reveals that even among young women who self-report good to excellent health and have no urinary leakage, bladder habits and bladder knowledge are poor. The lack of correlation between habits and knowledge determined in this study is not conclusive. Limitations of the study include a small number of subjects and the use of a questionnaire that was found to have poor internal consistency. Clinical Relevance: Stress urinary incontinence is considered a preventable condition and the need for public health education is evidenced by the results of this investigational study. As physical therapists we generally respond to individual needs, but we need to take a more prominent role in public health education and awareness. Women should be provided with the knowledge of how to practice healthy bladder habits and to recognize when they are having difficulty. A reliable and valid questionnaire regarding bladder knowledge should be developed using multiple sites in order to have a large sample population. This as well as routine pelvic floor muscle assessment by gynecologists could identify those women who are at risk for developing SUI. Optimally these women would then have a physical therapy consult. With a better understanding of bladder health as well as good performance of pelvic floor muscle exercises, these women would not develop urinary incontinence thus enjoy a better quality of life for years to come.