Abstract
Hypertension has been linked to many diseases, including coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, renal failure, and stroke. Treatment involves lowering blood pressure (BP) and altering the sequelae. Medications such as beta-blockers reduce BP and prevent complications such as ventricular remodeling, endothelial impairment, and renal insufficiency. This article describes the pathophysiology of hypertension, complications, and theories of primary hypertension. Critical care nurses will learn about the pharmacodynamics and latest research on beta-blocker therapy and critical decision making for patients taking these medications.