Abstract
Repeated access of peripheral intravenous (IV) devices theoretically increases the risk of bacterial exposure. PIVO(TM) (VelanoVascular) is a needleless, single-use device that enables blood sampling from an existing peripheral IV. The goal of this retrospective observational exploratory study was to evaluate the influence of PIVO use on rates of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB) by comparing HOB rates in the year before and after PIVO introduction in hospitals implementing PIVO and over similar time periods in "control" hospitals with no PIVO. Two hospitals implementing PIVO (Hospital 1, a large community hospital; Hospital 2, a tertiary oncology center), and 71 control hospitals were included. During the 1-year period before and after PIVO introduction, HOB rates decreased in hospitals 1 and 2 by 31.9% and 41.8%, respectively. Control hospitals that did not use PIVO had a 12.4% decrease in HOB rates. Multivariable logistic regression analyses found that PIVO was associated with a lower risk (Hospital 1 odds ratio [OR]: 0.63; 95% CI, 0.42-0.94) or no change (Hospital 2 OR: 1.05; 95% CI, 0.72-1.52) in HOB rates. Control hospitals also showed no change in HOB rates between the 2 time periods. These data do not support concerns about increased risk of bacteremia with PIVO.