Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D concentrations and the risk of pneumonia in children. Human studies reporting serum vitamin D levels in children with pneumonia and healthy controls were collected from different databases. The standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval were calculated to evaluate the relationship between risk incidence of pneumonia and serum vitamin D levels. The results of analysis showed that serum vitamin D levels in children with pneumonia were significantly lower than those in healthy control children.