Abstract
Objective: Of current interest in aphasia research is the relevance of what we can learn from studying word learning ability in aphasia. In a preliminary study, we addressed 2 issues related to the novel word learning ability of individuals with aphasia. First, as word learning engages large-scale cognitive-linguistic systems (language skills, verbal short-term memory [STM], other memory and executive functions), we probed whether novel word learning practice in 3 people with aphasia could stimulate these language-related systems. Second, as lesion correlates affecting word learning in aphasia remain unclear, we examined whether the structural integrity of the left arcuate fasciculus (AF) in the same 3 individuals is related to outcomes of novel word learning practice.
Method: To stimulate word learning systems, our 3 participants practiced for 4 weeks with an explicit novel word-novel referent word learning task, adopted from the Ancient Farming Equipment learning paradigm (Laine & Salmelin, 2010). The participants' progress on receptive and expressive novel word learning was followed up, and their language and verbal STM abilities as well as single-session novel word learning (Learning to Name Aliens by Gupta, Martin, Abbs, Schwartz, & Lipinski, 2006) were tested before and after the practice period. To address the second question, we analyzed the participants' structural magnetic resonance images with respect to the integrity of the left AF and its overlap with the lesion areas.
Results: All participants showed some receptive word learning in the trained task, as well as improvements in verbal STM span at posttesting. Two of the 3 participants also showed improved performance on some of the language outcome measures. One participant with a partially spared left AF, especially temporoparietal connections, exhibited better word learning performance than the other 2 who had larger damage and disconnection of the AF.
Conclusions: Although the present results are preliminary, they open the possibility that novel word learning practice in aphasia may stimulate remaining word learning mechanisms in aphasia and thereby influence language and verbal STM abilities. These results also suggest that preservation of novel word learning ability in aphasia in part depends on the integrity of the left arcuate track.