Nutritional Assessment The nutritional assessment is often integrated into the health history and physical examination. It provides information about nutritional deficiencies, such as malnutrition, undernutrition, or obesity.Initial Assessment of Nutritional Status...

Ostomy Management Ostomies are surgical procedures performed to bypass or remove injured or diseased segments of bowel (fecal ostomies) or bypass the bladder (urostomies).Fecal Ostomies (Francone, 2023) Fecal ostomies may be used to manage medical conditions such...

Pain Assessment All nurses have the ethical responsibility to assess and relieve pain utilizing individualized interventions and plan of care, free of personal biases (ANA, 2018). To assess pain adequately and accurately, a multidisciplinary, measurement-based...

Parenteral Nutrition (PN) Parenteral nutrition (PN) is an intravenous form of nutritional supplementation containing dextrose, amino acids, electrolytes, vitamins, minerals, trace elements, and fluids. Lipid emulsion may be infused separately or added to the solution...

Pneumonia in the Adult Pneumonia is a heterogeneous disease with a host response that ranges from mild symptoms (fever, cough, and chest pain) to septic shock with multisystem organ failure. Nurses have an important role in the management of the patient being treated...

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) The American Psychiatric Association (2022) describes posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a “psychiatric disorder that may occur in people who have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event, series of events or set of circumstances. An...

Pressure Injury Assessment and Management Approximately 2.5 million pressure-induced injuries are treated each year in acute care facilities in the United States (Berlowitz, 2022b). Hospital-acquired pressure injuries are associated with pain, risk of infection, delayed recovery...

Preventing and Managing Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is defined as a laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection (not related to an infection at another site) where a central line was in place within the 48-hour period before the development of...

Prone Positioning: Conscious, Non-Intubated Patient with COVID-19 ARDS Prone positioning for conscious, non-intubated patients with COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has been widely adopted. Awake pronation of patients with severe hypoxia from COVID-19 is associated with decreased intubation rates...

Proning Therapy for Patients with ARDS Prone ventilation is a technique of turning a patient with severe hypoxic respiratory failure from the supine to the prone position to improve oxygenation. This maneuver has been successful in the management of patients with acute lung injury or...

Pulmonary Assessment Focused pulmonary assessment begins with a thorough health history. While doing so, carefully observe for conversational dyspnea and other symptoms. Order of examination is performed as inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation.Optimal...

Quality Improvement Initiative Continuous quality improvement (CQI) is defined as “a culture of sustained improvement targeting the elimination of waste in all systems and processes of an organization (Loper et al., 2022). The goal of healthcare quality improvement (QI...