Abstract
Undergoing a rhinoplasty can affect an individual's mental health either positively or negatively, depending upon how he or she perceives the results. Because of the impact that rhinoplasty may have on an individual's mental health and the cost of this surgery, it is important to understand the reasons that men decide to undergo rhinoplasty and the challenges they face when making the decision to have a rhinoplasty. Using a grounded theory method, we collected data by conducting interviews with 20 participants. We analyzed the data and initially obtained 684 initial codes. After we removed duplicate codes and carefully analyzed participants' interviews, a total of 497 codes remained. We developed these codes into 10 main categories and 32 subcategories. We found that the causal factors affecting the decision of Iranian men to undergo rhinoplasty included the following 5 categories: a lack of confidence; a desire to improve their appearance; a desire for attention from others; a need to keep up with the Joneses (i.e., a desire to show that one is as good as other people by getting what others have and doing what others do); and persuasion by others. Intervening factors affecting the decision of Iranian men to undergo rhinoplasty included the following 4 categories: family challenge; social atmosphere; financial problems; and unwanted consequences. Iranian men make the decision to undergo rhinoplasty by overcoming and ignoring these intervening factors. The primary variable in participants' decision to undergo rhinoplasty was the desire to improve their appearance.