Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are being increasingly used in orthopaedic surgery. These small molecules are capable of inducing bone formation when delivered in the appropriate concentration and on the appropriate scaffold. Not all BMPs are equally effective, and there are currently only two Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved "on-label" applications. There are potential complications related to off-label use of BMPs that need to be understood. When used properly, these molecules have the potential to eliminate the need for iliac crest bone graft harvest and improve the speed and success of bone healing.